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Background: Reduction of national fertility levels was directly proportional to the preference of male child in many families in India. We conducted this study on 214 married adults, in both sexes to find out whether this strong preference still exists in this decade or not, and if it does what could be the reasons.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study done by face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire containing both qualitative and quantitative variables, among 214 married adults.Results: Upon analysing the results, we identified that higher son preference (61.23%) is seen in many rural families, and is strongly associated with low socio-economic status, literacy rate and caste. The reasons by which these families prefer male child were also broadly categorized and identified. Economic utility (78%) and old age security (61%) was found to be the major reasons most families has quoted in preferring a son.Conclusions: By improving the literacy rate and job opportunities in the community, fertility rate can be reduced, especially in rural areas where the other options are limited.
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Existe evidencia científica que demuestra la asociación entre la obesidad del adulto con síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad cardiovascular y muerte prematura por infarto de miocardio y enfermedad cerebrovascular. También existe evidencia sobre el inicio de la aterosclerosis desde la niñez, sin embargo no está claramente conocido el impacto de la obesidad del niño y adolescente en la salud del joven y adulto y su asociación con la mayor morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Fue de nuestro interés realizar una revisión y análisis de la obesidad del niño y adolecente como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de aterosclerosis, síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad cardiovascular y muerte prematura en la juventud y edad adulta. Conclusiones. Aunque no existe consenso para definir la obesidad en niños y adolescente existe una tendencia creciente en su prevalencia en las últimas décadas. La obesidad que se presenta en los primeros años de edad tiende a perpetuarse a lo largo de la vida. No existe consenso para definir síndrome metabólico en niños pero es necesario detectar y tratar individualmente los factores de riesgo. Existe asociación significativa con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad cardiovascular y muerte por infarto de miocardio y enfermedad cerebrovascular en el adulto. La intervención desde los primeros años de vida sobre la obesidad y otros factores de riesgo disminuyen significativamente la ocurrencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en el adulto.
There is scientific evidence of the association between adult obesity and the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and premature death due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. There is also evidence on the beginning of atherosclerosis in childhood, but the effect of childhood and adolescent obesity on young adults and adults it is not clearly defined as well as its association with higher morbidity and mortality by non communicable chronic diseases. It was our interest to review and analyze obesity in children and adolescents as a risk factor to develop atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and premature death in youth and adulthood. Conclusions: Despite no consensus to define obesity in children and adolescents there is a growing tendency to its prevalence in the last decades. The obesity that starts in early life tends to perpetuate. There is no consensus to define metabolic syndrome in children but it is necessary to detect and treat separately the risk factors. There exists significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and death due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in the adult. Intervention on obesity and other risk factors that start early in life significantly decreases the occurrence of adult cardiovascular disease.
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Objective The study aims to assess the health education effects of popular scientific brochure with pictures on infant vulvovaginitis. Methods Parents of female child outpatients aged 0～5 years old with vulvovaginitis of our hospital were selected for health education, mainly about how to prevent vulvovaginitis. Popular scientific brochure with pictures was designed for use. Eighty six parents of female child patients aged 0～5 with vulvovaginitis were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 43 people in each group. In the control group, health brochures were issued and face-to-face guidance were carried out. In the observation group, popular scientific brochures with pictures were issued and faceto-face guidance were carried out Phone call investigations were done 4-8 weeks after issuing of education materials. Results Awareness rate, vulvovaginitis cure rate of their female child and satisfaction rate to education method of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusions Health education guidance in form of popular scientific brochure with pictures can get more satisfactory effects.
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Objective To explore the effect of chromosomal abnormality and polygenic inheritance factor in female children with short stature.Methods 1.Chromosome analysis:peripheral blood was drawn for 1 mL and cultured 72 h to analyze chromosome karyotype (Giemsa Banding ) of peripheral lymphocytes.2.Polygenic factor analysis:the children′s final height were estimated based on their parents average height,and analyzed the distribution characteristics of children′s final height and compared the estimate final height with the actual height.Results Eighty-three cases out of the 364 female children with short stature were chromosomal abnormality(22.80%).Among the 83 cases,the 45,XO and 46,X,i(Xq) occupied 70%.The distribution of children target height shifted left,and the target height of 76 cases was lower than 2 standard deviation (-2 s)and the consistency of target height and actual height reached 20.88%.The target height of 7 cases was lower than 2 standard deviation in those whose chromosome turned out to be abnormal,and the consistency of target height and actual height was 8.43%.Conclusions Chromosomal abnormality is one of the most important etiologic agents causing short stature in female children, and polygenic inheritance is another important etiologic agent.
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0.05). Conclusion The assumable reasons for the dominance of heterozygous ADH2 genotype were a relatively small size of samples or gene mutation etc,which needed further researches to be confirmed.The proportion of individuals carrying about "susceptible genotypes of alcohol_related diseases"in female child_bearing ages was more than one half (0.617),which called on the reinforce of the surveillance on and prevention of alcohol_related birth (ARBD).